Rational Survivability

How many of you have seen the Draft NIST Working Definition Of Cloud Computing?  It appears to have been presented to government CIO’s at the recent Federal CIO Cloud Computing Summit in Washington DC last week.

I saw the draft NIST Working Definition of Cloud Computing shown below (copied from Reuven Cohen’s blog) about a month and a half ago, but have not seen it presented in its entirety outside of the copy I was sent until now and didn’t know how/when it would be made “public,” so I didn’t blog directly about its content.

The reason I was happy to see it when I did was that I had just finished writing the draft of the Cloud Security Alliance Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus In Cloud Computing — specifically the section on Cloud architecture and found that there was a very good alignment between our two independent works (much like with the Jericho Cloud Cube model.)

In fact, you’ll see that I liked the definitions for the SPI model components so much, I used them and directly credited  Peter Mell from NIST, one of the authors of the work.

I sent a very early draft of my work along with some feedback to Peter on some of the definitions, specifically since I noted some things I did not fully agree with in the deployment models sections. The “community” clouds seem to me as being an abstraction or application of of private clouds. I have a “managed cloud” instead.  Ah, more fuel for good discussion.

I hoped we could have discussed them prior to publishing either of the documents, but we passed in the ether as it seems.

At any rate, here’s the draft from our wily Canadian friend:

4-24-09

Peter Mell and Tim Grance – National Institute of Standards and Technology, Information Technology Laboratory

Note 1: Cloud computing is still an evolving paradigm. Its definitions, use cases, underlying technologies, issues, risks, and benefits will be refined in a spirited debate by the public and private sectors. These definitions, attributes, and characteristics will evolve and change over time.

Note 2: The cloud computing industry represents a large ecosystem of many models, vendors, and market niches. This definition attempts to encompass all of the various cloud approaches.

Definition of Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing is a pay-per-use model for enabling available, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is comprised of five key characteristics, three delivery models, and four deployment models.

Key Characteristics:

• On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider.
• Ubiquitous network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
• Location independent resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve all consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. The customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources. Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
• Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned to quickly scale up and rapidly released to quickly scale down. To the consumer, the capabilities available for rent often appear to be infinite and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
• Pay per use. Capabilities are charged using a metered, fee-for-service, or advertising based billing model to promote optimization of resource use. Examples are measuring the storage, bandwidth, and computing resources consumed and charging for the number of active user accounts per month. Clouds within an organization accrue cost between business units and may or may not use actual currency.

Note: Cloud software takes full advantage of the cloud paradigm by being service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.

Delivery Models:

• Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure and accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a Web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
• Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created applications using programming languages and tools supported by the provider (e.g., java, python, .Net). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but the consumer has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.
• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to rent processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly select networking components (e.g., firewalls, load balancers).

Deployment Models:

• Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is owned or leased by a single organization and is operated solely for that organization.
• Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations).
• Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is owned by an organization selling cloud services to the general public or to a large industry group.
• Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (internal, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting).

Each deployment model instance has one of two types: internal or external. Internal clouds reside within an organizations network security perimeter and external clouds reside outside the same perimeter.

Now, Reuven Cohen mentioned on his blog:

In creating this definition, NIST consulted extensively with the private sector including a wide range of vendors, consultants and industry pundants (sic!) including your (sic!) truly. Below is the draft NIST working definition of Cloud Computing. I should note, this definition is a work in progress and therefore is open to public ratification & comment. The initial feedback was very positive from the federal CIO’s who were presented it yesterday in DC. Baring any last minute lobbying I doubt we’ll see many more major revisions.

…which is interesting, because for being “…open to public ratification & comment,” I can’t seem to find it anywhere except for references to its creation as a deliverable in FY09 in a presentation from December, 2008.  I searched NIST’s site, but perhaps I’m just having a bad search day.

Clearly at least I have a couple of comments.  I could send them to Peter directly, but I’d rather discuss them openly if that’s appropriate and there is a forum to do so.  At this rate, it looks as though it may be too late, however.

/Hoff

I’m a founding member and serve as the technical advisor for the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA.)  This is an organization you may not have heard of yet, so I wanted to introduce you.

The more formal definition of the role and goals of the CSA appears below, but it’s most easily described as a member-driven forum for both industry, providers and “consumers” of Cloud Computing services to discuss issues and opportunities for security in this emerging space and help craft awareness, guidance and best practices for secure Cloud adoption.  It’s not a standards body. It’s not a secret cabal of industry-only players shuffling for position.  

It’s a good mix of vendors, practitioners and interested parties who are concerned with framing the most pressing concerns related to Cloud security and working together to bring ideas to life on how we can address them. 

From the website, here’s the more formal definition:

The CSA is a non-profit organization formed to promote the use of best practices for providing security assurance within Cloud Computing, and provide education on the uses of Cloud Computing to help secure all other forms of computing.

The Cloud Security Alliance is comprised of many subject matter experts from a wide variety disciplines, united in our objectives:

• Promote a common level of understanding between the consumers and providers of cloud computing regarding the necessary security requirements and attestation of assurance.
• Promote independent research into best practices for cloud computing security.
• Launch awareness campaigns and educational programs on the appropriate uses of cloud computing and cloud security solutions.
• Create consensus lists of issues and guidance for cloud security assurance.

The Cloud Security Alliance will be launched at the RSA Conference 2009 in San Francisco, April 20-24, 2009.

It’s clear that people will likely draw parallels between the CSA and the Open Cloud Manifesto given the recent announcement of the latter.  

The key difference between the two efforts relates to the CSA’s engagement and membership by both providers and consumers of Cloud Services and the organized non-profit structure of the CSA.  The groups are complimentary in nature and goals.

You can see who is participating in the CSA now based upon the pre-release of the working draft of our initial whitepaper.  Full attribution of company affiliation will be posted as the website is updated:

Co-Founders

Nils Puhlmann
Jim Reavis

Founding Members and Contributors

Todd Barbee Alan Boehme Jon Callas Sean Catlett Shawn Chaput Dave Cullinane Ken Fauth Pam Fusco Francoise Gilbert Christofer Hoff Dennis Hurst Michael Johnson Shail Khiyara Subra Kumaraswamy Paul Kurtz Mark Leary Liam Lynch

Tim Mather Scott Matsumoto Luis Morales Dave Morrow Izak Mutlu Jean Pawluk George Reese Jeff Reich Jeffrey Ritter Ward Spangenberg Jeff Spivey Michael Sutton Lynn Terwoerds Dave Tyson John Viega Dov Yoran Josh Zachry

Founding Charter Companies

If you’d like to get involved, here’s how:

NOTE: Please see the continued discussion in the post titled “Update on the Cloud (Ontology/Taxonomy) Model…“

Updated: 3/28/09 v1.5

There have been some excellent discussions of late regarding how to classify and explain the relationships between the many Cloud Computing models floating about.

The comments are working again.  I’ve had 30-40 comments via email/twitter, so if something you wanted to communicate isn’t addressed, fire away below in the comments!

Version 1.5 Diagram (click to expand):

In v1.5 I highlighted the Integration/Middleware layer in a separate color, removed Coghead from the PaaS offering example and made a few other cosmetic alignment changes.

In v1.4 I added the API layer above ‘Applications’ in the SaaS grouping. I split out “data, metadata and content” as three separate elements and added structured/unstructured to the right.  I also separated the presentation layer into “modality and platform.”  Added some examples of layers to the very right.